What is Calculator and how it works-
What is a calculator? Whenever we have to do a big calculation, then we have more memory than the calculator. But did you think this is what the calculator is after all and how it completes all the mathematical calculations so quickly. Are there different types of calculators and how does this work? If you have ever had these questions in your mind and you do not have much information about the calculator and how it works, then there is nothing to worry about if you do not get it on the book or the internet, because you are the subject of this calculator I will only know in
We often look at the specialty of small appliances, which means that we do not give much importance to the equipment that is small to the palms of our hands. That's exactly what happens with our calculating device. Yes, friends are so small to look at this but they make very big sums in jokes. Let's talk about calculation, then we can do very small calculation in our brain, but there is also a limit, and after that we are in trouble. That's why we have been making such devices from the beginning that humans can help us in calculation. Now on the matter, these calculators are now used to run from different devices as an application in our SmartPhones. But even though it sounds awkward for you in a little bit of hearing, but calculators have to undergo many evolutionary steps, by nowhere we are seeing and using this form of this device.
What is the calculator-
Calculator is an electronic hardware device or
software that is capable of performing very mathematical calculations like addition, multiplication, subtraction, and division. Casio Computer Company first launched commercialized electronic calculator in 1957. Since then, there have been significant changes in the sizes, features and functions of Calculators. These changes were made by the manufacturers according to the needs and use of the people. They even started making computers, smartphones and tablets for them in their operating systems. Many operating systems such as Windows, iOS, Android, Mac have their own inbuild Calculator application.
The calculator r comes from the Latin word calculare, which means counting the use of stones.
These calculators used to do so that they have become a part of our lives. The cost of these calculators depends on their features, application and size. It is very important to learn how to use it in the present time. That's because in the present time there is a great need of time and by making our calculation easy, it saves us a lot of time. Also, the demand for Scientific Calculators has increased greatly because of the use of it as there are so many functions in it that the Enginners, Architects, Scientists need to do their work.
History of calculator-
There was a time when these numbers did not exist. Humans used to use fingers of their hands and feet to counting devices. But this was not enough because it became impossible for us to calculate when the number came up. Then our civilization invented the abacus, which is the oldest calculating tool except the fingers.
Even though they are not used so much, Abacus was the only device that started the calculating machine in human civilization. Then slowly there was a lot of change in this calculating machine and in the end it became a calculator, which we used to calculate for our calculation. But it did not happen very soon, but it took several years to happen, about which we are going to know ahead. Next you will learn about the most important Calculation machines by their manufacturer and year.
1623: FIRST ADDING MACHINE
Device Name: Calculating Clock
Inventor: Wilhelm Schickard
These "Calculating Clock" of Schickard were engaged in multiplying devices, such as a mechanism, to record intermediate results, there was also a 6-digit decimal adding device.
1773: FIRST FUNCTIONAL Calculator
Inventor: Philip Matthus Hahn
Hahn had a feeling that he would do a machine design which would help him calculate the clock parameters and planetarium.
So he based his calculator on the "Stepped Reckoner" calculating machine which was developed by Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz in 1672. In Hahn's Calculator, there was a set of twelve drums which was in circular arrangement and used to crank it to activate, which was misty in the axis of the drums.
1820: First commercially produced mechanical calculator
Device Name: Arithmometer
Inventor: Charles Xavier Thomas de Colmar
This arithmometer was the first calculating machine that was commercially very successful as it could have four basic operations - which are addition, subtraction, multiplication and division.
1954: FIRST ALL-TRANSISTOR Calculator
Device Name: IBM 608
Inventor: IBM
This IBM 608 was the first calculating machine that used to replace solid-state transistors for vacuum tubes. The main memory of this machine could store up to 40 nine-digit numbers and operated about 4,500 additions per second. In this IBM 608, more than 3,000 germanium transistors were used.
1961: FIRST ALL-ELECTRONIC DESKTOP CALCULATOR
Device Name: ANITA MK-8
Inventor: Bell Punch
In 1956, Bell Punch Co. Who was a company of Great Britain, instead of manufacturing ticket punches, he thought of separating something and made a commercial electronic desktop calculator, which he kept codenamed ANITA There were about 170 cold cathode vacuum tubes, a Dekatron decade counter tube and Numicator display / indicator tubes in this machine.
1967: FIRST HANDHELD Calculator
Device Name: Cal Tech
Inventor: Texas Instruments (TI)
According to the Texas Instruments website, "Cal Tech" was a codename and named it the device that was being developed at that time, and which was commercially released in 1970. This 45-ounce Calculator had a small keyboard with 18 keys and a visual output that could display up to 12 decimal digits.
1971: Firstly TRULY POCKET-SIZED ELECTRONIC CALCULATOR which uses LED DISPLAY
Device Name: Busicom LE-120A "HANDY"
Inventor: Busicom
Busicom LE-120A, also known as HANDY, was the first handheld calculator to use a "Calculator on a chip" integrated circuit. Because this calculator was quite expensive at that time, so a wrist strap was attached to its base in which to prevent it from falling somewhere.
1974: FIRST HANDHELD PROGRAMABLE CALCULATOR
Device Name: HP-65
Inventor: Hewlett-Packard
It was first produced by Hewlett-Packard at the end of a "Personal Computer," These calculators used to allow users either to purchase programs, to write pre-programmed cards or to write programs themselves, which were about 100 lines long and were recorded in blank cards.
The calculator costs $ 795 when it was launched in 1974. In the year 1975, when the first joint US-Soviet space flight took off, it became the first handheld calculator to be sent in the outer space.
1985: FIRST GRAPHING Calculator
Device Name: Casio FX-7000G
Inventor: Casio
The Casio Fx-7000G was developed with 422 bytes of memory and it could store around 10 programs in their 10 program slots. Right now graphing calculators such as TI-83 have the same display format of Fx-7000G.
2003: FIRST GRAPHING Calculator with TOUCH FUNCTIONALITY
Device Name: Sharp EL-9650
Inventor: Sharp
When people thought about touch devices, and used their fingers, then Sharp had some other idea and in which he started the first stylus-based graphing calculator.
The EL-9650 had a slideshow function that allows teachers to teach pre-programmed lessons and formulas in Calculator.
2010: FIRST COLOR GRAPHING Calculator
Device Name: Casio PRIZM
Inventor: Casio
When all mobile devices went into full-color screens in the early 2000s, then it took some time to graphing calculators to catch up. Casio's PRIZM Calculator, which was launched in late 2010 with its advanced, 216 × 384 resolution, full-color display.
These PRIZM allowed the students to create graphs above the image, allowing them to understand the real-world applications of their work. And better start using this Graphic Calculator.
What happens inside the calculator -
If you had opened a 19th-century calculator, then you would have found many small parts within it: in which precision gears, axles, rods, and levers, which have been greased well, and that Clicking and whirll are also happening when you type a number then. But the thing about modern calculator is different, because in it you will find many small tools. Let's know about them:
1. Input: Keyboard: In which there are 40 tiny plastic keys, under which there is a rubber membrane and a touch-sensitive circuit.
2. Processor: A microchip which does all the hard work. It does all those things that used to do gears in the earlier calculator.
3. Output: A liquid crystal display (LCD) that lets you show numbers when you do something and show the result of your calculation too.
4. Power source: A long-life battery that is often a "button" cell that lasts for many years. Some calculators also use solar cell which provides free power in the daylight.
What happens when you press any key -
When a key is pressed down, there are a lot of things in your calculator, let's know about them.
1. As soon as you press hard plastic, you press the rubber membrane down.
2. This rubber button pushes right down to which an electrical contact is formed, between the two layers, the keyboard circuit detects and also detects this thing as a keyboard circuit.
3. This processor chip figures out which key key is pressed.
4. A circuit activates in this processor chip, to the appropriate segments in the display that corresponds to the numbers that you press.
5. If you have pressed too many numbers, then the processor chip will show them in the display - and this will do so until you press any operations keys (such as +, -, ×, ÷) There is no other operation. If you have + keypressed, then calculator will store that number in a small memory called a register. Now it will wipe out the display and wait for you to know when you will be entering the second number. As soon as you enter the second number, then the processor chip will digitize it by digit-by-digit and store it in another register. Finally, when you press the = key, then the calculator adds both content and displays in the result. This was the basic working of a calculator.
Calculator type-
If you look in internet or in the market then you will find many types of calculators. All these calculators have different jobs and they use different age groups. So let's know about the different types of these calculators.
Basic Calculator-
What can this do?
Add
Subtract
Multiply
Divide
Percentages
Square roots
Simple memory function
Suitable For:
Primary school age children
They are used in general houses
Scientific Calculator
What can this do?
Combinations
Coordinate conversion
Degrees
Degrees / minutes / seconds
Exponential Regression
Exponents
Expression editing
Factorials
FIX / SCI / NORM
Fractions
Gradians
Hyperbolics
Inverse regression
Linear regression
Logarithm
Logarithmic regression
Negative Indicator
Permutations
Power retraceion
Quadratic retrograde
Radians
Random numbers
Reciprocals
Roots & powers
Standard deviation
Table of a function
Trigonometric (SIN / COS / TAN)
Multi-replay
Which is suitable for:
For Secondary School Students
Graphic Calculator
What can this do?
Angle measurements (DEG / RAD / GRA)
Bar chart
Combinations (nCr) & permutations (nPr)
Complex numbers
Confidence intervals (Z & T)
DEC / HEX / BIN / OCT conversions
Distribution Tests (Z, t, chi, ANOVA)
Distributions (NORM / T / CHI / Fbinomial / poisson)
Dynamic graphing
FIX / SCI / NORM
Fractions
Graphing
Hyperbolic / Inverse Hyperbolic
Inequality
Logic Operations
No. of Regression Types 10
Numeric Equation Solver
Parametric
Parenthesis levels 26
Pie chart
Polar
Random numbers
Rectangular
Roots & powers
Single and double variable
Statistical calculations
TVM - Financial Calculations
Which is suitable for:
For Graphics Students
For architects
Financial Calculator
What can this do?
Amortization
Cash flow (Investment Appraisal)
Compound Interest Calculations
Conversions
Cost sell margin and day calculations
Exponential Regression
Full scientific functions
Linear regression
Logarithmic regression
Multi-replay
Quadratic retrograde
Simple and compound interest
Time-Value-Money calculations
For whom it is appropriate:
Anyone who belongs to financial management
Correct usage of calculators
Calculators do not just have to buy anything. If it is not used properly then it is considered to be better than not using it. Calculators were made so that they could reduce our complexity and make us more efficient. Therefore, using Efficiency of Calculators not only saves us time but also provides us with more accurate results.
Some things to know-
1. It is very important to know about all the symbols of the calculator.
2. Using Brackets, it tells the calculator what to do before calculation.
3. Calculation at a time saves you much time and reduces the chances of mistake.
4. If you do not know all the buttons then you should read the calculator user manual once.
What are the Uses of Calculator-
Using a calculator, we can do a lot of tasks like adding, multiplying, dividing and subtracting numbers easily. For example, calculators used to calculate the homework, income and expense of maths, and are used in a lot of tasks.
Physicists and engineers use the Scientific Calculators, which are more advanced than the standard Calculators. There are even more functions in this calculator, which are needed for scientific calculation.
Accountants and other financial professionals use special calculators, which are called financial calculators, which are easily available in loans and savings.
can calculate interest and currency conversions as well.
Many virtual calculators are also available online. Generally, an online calculator has some specific purpose, such as calculating number of calories during burnt exercise, to determine the date of a pregnant woman, the estimated grade point average of a student. When we use these online calculators, then users have to type in some information input fields and finally have to press Calculate to see the result.
Calculator Advantages:
By the way, calculators are much more advantages than disadvantages. Calculators are allowed in schools and colleges to reduce complexity of mathematical problems and to understand subjects quickly and quickly. Accurate counting and time to save time, they have the highest role.
Problems with more numbers can be easily solved, repeatedly without any difficulty. Now, in most electronic application devices, the option of Calculator is Mehzud. In Scientific Calculator, the option of a wide range of conversion data is available. Together, online calculators are being used very much by all users.
Disadvantages of Calculator: -
Using Calculators, people have to use Calculators to do small calculation too.
It also reduces the desire to calculate some maths in younger children and they see calculators a better option.
Calculator has a very big hand behind not learning basic calculation skills.
Assuming that calculators are widely used for large calculations and it is appropriate but should use our brains for easy calculation, which makes the brain more sharp and also increases the problem solving ability.
The future of calculators
There have been considerable changes in the calculations and technologies of calculators over time. Just as people need them, in the same way manufacturers do not even make them change their shape and use them for people's use. When Smartphones were invented some years ago, these calculators were given the form of an application and inserted into that device itself. Therefore, to maintain its relevancy in the market, more sophisticated calculators were designed to make people remain attached to them. In this way, the calculations of the calculators ahead of me are very bright, but for this they have to look better than the calculators of their smartphone, have to perform better, and have to improve the complexity of the people more effectively.
Hello friend, my name is Arvind Chaudhari, Welcome to The Technical House
I hope you will be satisfied with the information given to us. This website is available in English Hindi and other languages.
Please read the page to read in your language. If you liked the post, please share your friends and relatives.
Thank you
post by- www.thetechnicalhouse.com
0 Comments