What is the data and its type-
What is the data, why should not you have any background, all of us have ever used the word word. But in spite of this, many times in our mind, the question arises that what is the data at the end, and in all places why this data is considered an important one. If you also want to know about the true meaning of data, then you have tried to explain to you this article, what is this article, and what are its types, all the information that is related to the data.
Well the data is not just a term related to a computer but rather called data plain facts. The word 'data' is plural 'datum'. These data can be anything like a population of a country, number of patients in hospitals, fixing a school etc. All these things are not organized or structured in their natural form so they can not be used much.
If this same data is processed, organized, structured, it is called information then to make them useful in any particular context. This is just a simple definition of data and information, to know the full details of this article What is this article? It will be a complete reading so that you will get complete information about the data, its types and their usage. So let's begin without delay and try to get data in Hindi.
What is the data-
We can say to the data that this is a representation of facts, concepts, or instructions in an formalized way, which is suitable for communication, interpretation, or processing by means of an electronic or electronic machine.
We can represent the data with the help of letters such as alphabets (A-Z, a-z), digits (0-9) or any special characters (+, -, /, *, <,>, =) and so on. These data can be anything but a character, text, numbers, pictures, sound, or even video. If that data is not put in any context, then it does not work, whether it is for any person, or for a computer.
Data is not of any use in its raw form. But when we process and interpret the same data, their true meaning comes out, and what is very useful to us. The same processed data is also called information.
Analog vs. Digital Data-
There are two common ways to represent data: Analog and digital. Analog data are continuous continuously - they are 'analogous' to their actual facts which they represent. Digital data is very discrete and they are broken up in limited number of elements. For example, Nature is an analog, the same computers are digital.
What is a photo show and how to run
What is the software and its type
What is animation and how to make
Most of our natural world things are continuous in nature. For example, you can see the colors of the rainbow. In it the rainbow is continuous and provides shades of infinite number. In the same computer system, they are continuous but are finite. All the data that you store in binary digits, they have the limit, how many data can be represented.
Types of Data-
Computer systems work with different types of digital data. In the earlier days of computing, data primarily used to be text and numbers only; But while talking about modern day computing, there are many types of multimedia data, such as audio, images, graphics and video. But ultimately, all data types are stored according to binary digits. For each data type, there are some very specific techniques to convert them into binary computers between computers and how we interpret them from our senses such as sight and sound.
What is the database-
We can not speak more about the data than the name of the database. Yes, a database is a organized collection of data. By storing data in a random order in such a list, a database is provided to them with the help of a database, to organize those data.
A very common data structure is the database table. This table contains mainly rows and columns. Each row is typically called a record, each column is usually called a field.
What is information-
Information is a type of data that has been processed completely, some like it is very meaningful for the person who receives it. This can be anything that can be communicated.
Where data is called raw facts, the information processed data is called. For example, subject marks, roll number, age, rank etc. of any class students can be called data. If you are told that the best 5 students of the students of 5 maths have been brought, then you have to first categorize all the data of those students and then by processing it you can provide the requested data. This is where the data you find at the end of the results is called information.
Information is very organized and classified data, which has some meaningful values for the receiver. Information is a type of processed data on which decisions and actions are based.
To make the decision meaningful, processed data must qualify some characteristics, which are
Timely - Information should always be available when they need them.
Accuracy - Information should always be accurate
Completeness - Information should always be completed.
If there are all these characteristics in a processed data then they are actually called Information.
How the data is stored-
To store data and information in a typical computer, a hard drive or another storage device is used.
Data that is stored in computer memory / storage is mainly categorized in two parts.
1. Permanent storage (Hard disk / Hard drive)
2. Temporary storage (RAM - Random Access memory)
The main difference between these two is that it retains the permanent storage data, even in case of power failure, it can retain it until you intentionally delete it, if the temporary memory data is lost immediately When power failure occurs and it is automatically managed
CPU's by CPU Temporary memory uses mostly computer applications to run processes. Once the process is completed, it is used to run the other new processes. It is used primarily to store temporary files.
When we group bits together, then it is given a name in the computer industry. By using most of the references, the computer number of bytes is used as a measure of the computer's memory and the capacity (secondary) capacity.
Computer memory is partitioned into a number of data containers called memory cells.
All cells can store a specific amount of data which is called the word (for example, using 8 bits of data)
All cells have a related location identifier, which is called address.
Data that is processed, they are coded into binary (base-2 number) form for which many different types of encoding schemes are used, let us discuss further about them.
To get started, there are digits 0 and 1 binary digits and each is called bit in short.
Similarly, 0 represents OFF state and 1 represents ON state.
If n bits are in a cell, and 2n (which has "2 to the power or n") ways in which zeros and ones are arranged, for example 2 binary digits (or 1 or 0), all of these arrangements (22 or 2 × 2 or 4) possibilities may be, which are -00, 01, 10 and 11.
To determine the capability of a computer's memory, two aspects are considered, which are the number of bits per cell of the first and the number of cells in which memory is partitioned, for example the computer memory depends. How many bits are stored in each cell and how many cells are available.
According to the computer industry, the sequence of 8-bits (also called byte) is the basic unit of memory.
Units for Measuring Memory Capacity:
Types of data-
Talking about programming, we can say the data type, it is a classification that specifies which type of value is near a variable and from which angle will be applied to mathematical, relational or logical operations. There will be no error at all. For example, a string is a data type used to classify text, an integer is a data type that is used to classify whole numbers.
There are many other kinds of data besides this. Which I have been told below.
Numerical Data-
In this type of data, the numbers from 0 to 9 i.e. are the decimal numbers. In computers, the same numerical data is used exclusively. In Excel sheet, we use numerical data at the end of the data.
Alphabetic Data-
Whether alphabetical in any form of Hindi (A, B, C) or English (A, B, C), all of them come under this alphabetic data.
Symbolic Data -
Just like in listening, this data comes in all types of symbols like @, #, $ etc.
Audio Data | Sound-
This data contains all types of songs, Recording, etc. which are used in audio format such as MP3, WAV, format.
Video Data -
This type of data contains all types of videos and they are used in video formats such as MP4, MKV etc format.
Graphical Data | Sketch-
Under this kind of data, images, pictures, graphical data etc. are used in JPG, PNG format.
What is Data Processing-
Data processing is a process in which raw data is converted into meaningful information through a process. Data is manipulated so that it produces results and thereby to solve a problem or to improve the situation of a Mehjuda problem. Like a production process, it also adheres to a cycle where inputs (raw data) are inserted in a process (computer systems, software, etc.), to produce output.
Data Processing Basic Stages-
There are mainly three steps in the basic stages of data processing cycle.
In this step, input data is prepared in a convenient form for processing. This depends on the form processing machine. For example, when electronic computers are used, then input data is stored in one of the previous media such as magnetic disks, tapes, or something else.
Processing
In this step, the input data is changed into the production data which is a more useful form. For example, sales orders are seen to calculate the summary of sales in a company.
In this step, the result of the processing step before it is collected. A particular form of output data depends on how that data is used. For example, there may be pay-checks of any employees in the output data.
Let's now understand the Basic Stages of Data Processing in detail-
1. Input-
In this input process the data is collected and stored somewhere. Store means that it is collected anywhere that you want to store in computer or even in a paper. Understand the second process of input
a) Collection
Before input, we need to collect data. Data is collected from different sources, as all schools have to know how many schools are located in a city, the fact is collected. How many students have scored more than 50% marks in a class To know this information, there is also a need to collect the mark sheet for every student.
b) Verification
Now the next step is Verification, where it is confirmed that the data taken for input is correct or false. Like when the result is verified first before publishing PUBLISH. You also need to verify once before giving any report to anyone.
c) Coding
In this step, the data is coded, it means that it is converted into a machine form i.e. converting into a computer readable form. Which could easily process the computer input data further.
d) Storing
Now the data which is entered in the computer's excel or word. That data is stored in the computer. For this, no Storage Device is used. When the data is stored in the computer then the next step is sent for processing.
2. Processing-
This is the step where the process of formation of information begins. All the techniques given here below are used, such as Classification, Sorting, Calculation, Summarizing.
a) Classification
In this process, the data is classified into groups and subgroups. This will help to understand the data properly. If students classify the data in the college, then the class of class separates the data of the commerce class separately and will separate the data of the arts category, which is easy to analyze data.
b) Sorting
Here the data is arranged in a systematic order. Which will make it easier for us to access the data. Sorting Order Anything can be Ascending or Descending Depending on the user, he wants to sort the data accordingly. Like in the class roll number is placed in the alphabetical order. Marks Highest Mark From Lowest Mark
c) Calculation
Any arithmetic operation is performed on data given in the calculation process. As they can be anything from Operation these, sum, average, percent EX- How many students have average marks in a class, the ratio of male and female, all these come in calculation steps. Through this, we get a correct summarized information.
d) Summarising
After doing all the operations above the input data, a summarized report is produced. In any company, management is never given full information, only the shores are sent to it. That's because they do not have time for everything and it also saves time. Like doctors, after a lot of tests, they give a report that this person has this disease. Report card is also a summary of the exam result. Perhaps you have understood how the data is sent for processing and how it happens.
3. Output-
When all the steps of processing are completed, then the output result is obtained which can be called the information. The only purpose for processing step is to get a strict result and give it to the user. Most of the time, the Output information is stored in a storage device. Such as hard disk, pen drive, CD, DVD
Output (Activities to be Output Result)
a) Retrieval
In effect, the output result can be retrieved from Storage Media whenever you want. As a result of a student's 7 semester examination, whenever you want, you can see marks of semester from anyone. This process is called retrieval.
b) Conversion
Output result can be changed in different forms. You might have seen that after processing the data, the Output result that can be seen in any of these forms, like Output Information - Graph, Flowchart, chart, Table, Diagram, Report. India's Population GRAPH, Population growth chart, College Time table These are all examples of output results.
c) Communication
After processed the data, whatever output is released, it is an information. Which is very important to share, such as the news paper that is easily accessible to everyone. If you talk to the College Time table, which is printed on Peon Notice Board. This information is given by all the students, this is called Communication. The process of sharing the output result is called Communication. (Nowadays when Camera has arrived, sharing is done as soon as putting photos in the wahtsapp group like time table photo, result, notice
What are the Methods of Data Processing-
This data is not as good as the whole world can do until it is processed properly. Data processing is called process in which raw data is converted into usable information by using some methods. Yes, paper and pencil can be used for this work, but since we are in the 21st century and there is no shortage of data here, the amount of data is very high and in this case, we can use new innovation technologies like computer Can be used. Computer used to process data, they are first collected, check for accuracy, and even then they are entered into the computer. So let us know about some of the same data processing methods.
Batch Processing-
Batch processing is a large grunt work, it is the simplest form of data processing. This is more useful when any organization has large volume of data and they can be clump (in one place) in one or two categories. For example, in a store, with the help of batch-process, transactions can be categorized in one place. If no information is changed then the batch processing is very fast.
Real-Time Processing-
Some batch-processing is not too fast too. Real-time processing methods handle the data when they need instant turn-around time. For example, if a passenger buys an airline ticket and even if it is canceled, then the airline has to update its records instantly. The records from this process are instantly updated. Where batch processing has to process a lot of data in a specified time, then real-time processing is a continuous process.
Data Mining-
In data mining, data is taken from multiple sources and pools and combines them to find correlations. For example, a grocery chain has to analyze the customer's purchase and it is to find that the customers who buy grains, often buy bananas after that. Then the chain can increase the sales by using this information, so to increase sales, such joint purchases can prove to be good for their sales.
Statistical Processing-
Statistical processing involves heavy number-crunching. A company who knows that they are a bit more busy in one day of the week. This happens because many customers give their requests at the last moment, so such problems are often. Being aware of the reason, the company can deal with such a problem. With the help of statistics, data is easy to compare, whether they are different size companies or different cities.
What is the difference between data and information-
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What is the data, why should not you have any background, all of us have ever used the word word. But in spite of this, many times in our mind, the question arises that what is the data at the end, and in all places why this data is considered an important one. If you also want to know about the true meaning of data, then you have tried to explain to you this article, what is this article, and what are its types, all the information that is related to the data.
Well the data is not just a term related to a computer but rather called data plain facts. The word 'data' is plural 'datum'. These data can be anything like a population of a country, number of patients in hospitals, fixing a school etc. All these things are not organized or structured in their natural form so they can not be used much.
If this same data is processed, organized, structured, it is called information then to make them useful in any particular context. This is just a simple definition of data and information, to know the full details of this article What is this article? It will be a complete reading so that you will get complete information about the data, its types and their usage. So let's begin without delay and try to get data in Hindi.
What is the data-
We can say to the data that this is a representation of facts, concepts, or instructions in an formalized way, which is suitable for communication, interpretation, or processing by means of an electronic or electronic machine.
We can represent the data with the help of letters such as alphabets (A-Z, a-z), digits (0-9) or any special characters (+, -, /, *, <,>, =) and so on. These data can be anything but a character, text, numbers, pictures, sound, or even video. If that data is not put in any context, then it does not work, whether it is for any person, or for a computer.
Data is not of any use in its raw form. But when we process and interpret the same data, their true meaning comes out, and what is very useful to us. The same processed data is also called information.
Analog vs. Digital Data-
There are two common ways to represent data: Analog and digital. Analog data are continuous continuously - they are 'analogous' to their actual facts which they represent. Digital data is very discrete and they are broken up in limited number of elements. For example, Nature is an analog, the same computers are digital.
What is a photo show and how to run
What is the software and its type
What is animation and how to make
Most of our natural world things are continuous in nature. For example, you can see the colors of the rainbow. In it the rainbow is continuous and provides shades of infinite number. In the same computer system, they are continuous but are finite. All the data that you store in binary digits, they have the limit, how many data can be represented.
Types of Data-
Computer systems work with different types of digital data. In the earlier days of computing, data primarily used to be text and numbers only; But while talking about modern day computing, there are many types of multimedia data, such as audio, images, graphics and video. But ultimately, all data types are stored according to binary digits. For each data type, there are some very specific techniques to convert them into binary computers between computers and how we interpret them from our senses such as sight and sound.
What is the database-
We can not speak more about the data than the name of the database. Yes, a database is a organized collection of data. By storing data in a random order in such a list, a database is provided to them with the help of a database, to organize those data.
A very common data structure is the database table. This table contains mainly rows and columns. Each row is typically called a record, each column is usually called a field.
What is information-
Information is a type of data that has been processed completely, some like it is very meaningful for the person who receives it. This can be anything that can be communicated.
Where data is called raw facts, the information processed data is called. For example, subject marks, roll number, age, rank etc. of any class students can be called data. If you are told that the best 5 students of the students of 5 maths have been brought, then you have to first categorize all the data of those students and then by processing it you can provide the requested data. This is where the data you find at the end of the results is called information.
Information is very organized and classified data, which has some meaningful values for the receiver. Information is a type of processed data on which decisions and actions are based.
To make the decision meaningful, processed data must qualify some characteristics, which are
Timely - Information should always be available when they need them.
Accuracy - Information should always be accurate
Completeness - Information should always be completed.
If there are all these characteristics in a processed data then they are actually called Information.
How the data is stored-
To store data and information in a typical computer, a hard drive or another storage device is used.
Data that is stored in computer memory / storage is mainly categorized in two parts.
1. Permanent storage (Hard disk / Hard drive)
2. Temporary storage (RAM - Random Access memory)
The main difference between these two is that it retains the permanent storage data, even in case of power failure, it can retain it until you intentionally delete it, if the temporary memory data is lost immediately When power failure occurs and it is automatically managed
CPU's by CPU Temporary memory uses mostly computer applications to run processes. Once the process is completed, it is used to run the other new processes. It is used primarily to store temporary files.
When we group bits together, then it is given a name in the computer industry. By using most of the references, the computer number of bytes is used as a measure of the computer's memory and the capacity (secondary) capacity.
Computer memory is partitioned into a number of data containers called memory cells.
All cells can store a specific amount of data which is called the word (for example, using 8 bits of data)
All cells have a related location identifier, which is called address.
Data that is processed, they are coded into binary (base-2 number) form for which many different types of encoding schemes are used, let us discuss further about them.
To get started, there are digits 0 and 1 binary digits and each is called bit in short.
Similarly, 0 represents OFF state and 1 represents ON state.
If n bits are in a cell, and 2n (which has "2 to the power or n") ways in which zeros and ones are arranged, for example 2 binary digits (or 1 or 0), all of these arrangements (22 or 2 × 2 or 4) possibilities may be, which are -00, 01, 10 and 11.
To determine the capability of a computer's memory, two aspects are considered, which are the number of bits per cell of the first and the number of cells in which memory is partitioned, for example the computer memory depends. How many bits are stored in each cell and how many cells are available.
According to the computer industry, the sequence of 8-bits (also called byte) is the basic unit of memory.
Units for Measuring Memory Capacity:
1 Bit
|
= 1 Binary Digit
|
4 Bits
|
= 1 Nibble
|
8 Bits
|
= 1 Byte
|
210= 1024 Bytes
|
= 1 Kilobyte
|
220 = 1024 Kilobyte
|
= 1 Megabyte
|
230= 1024 Megabyte
|
= 1 Gigabyte
|
240= 1024 Gigabyte
|
= 1 Terabyte
|
250= 1024 Terabyte
|
= 1 Petabyte
|
Types of data-
Talking about programming, we can say the data type, it is a classification that specifies which type of value is near a variable and from which angle will be applied to mathematical, relational or logical operations. There will be no error at all. For example, a string is a data type used to classify text, an integer is a data type that is used to classify whole numbers.
Data Type
|
कहाँ इस्तमाल होता है
|
उदाहरण
|
String
|
Alphanumeric characters
|
hello world ram gopal123
|
Integer
|
Whole numbers
|
74 124 99009
|
Float (floating point)
|
Number जिसमें की एक decimal point हो
|
9.15 5.06 0.193
|
Character
|
Text को numerically Encoding encoding करने के लिए
|
97 (in ASCII 97 is a lower case ‘a’)
|
Boolean
|
logical values को represent करता है
|
TRUE FALSE
|
There are many other kinds of data besides this. Which I have been told below.
Numerical Data-
In this type of data, the numbers from 0 to 9 i.e. are the decimal numbers. In computers, the same numerical data is used exclusively. In Excel sheet, we use numerical data at the end of the data.
Alphabetic Data-
Whether alphabetical in any form of Hindi (A, B, C) or English (A, B, C), all of them come under this alphabetic data.
Symbolic Data -
Just like in listening, this data comes in all types of symbols like @, #, $ etc.
Audio Data | Sound-
This data contains all types of songs, Recording, etc. which are used in audio format such as MP3, WAV, format.
Video Data -
This type of data contains all types of videos and they are used in video formats such as MP4, MKV etc format.
Graphical Data | Sketch-
Under this kind of data, images, pictures, graphical data etc. are used in JPG, PNG format.
What is Data Processing-
Data processing is a process in which raw data is converted into meaningful information through a process. Data is manipulated so that it produces results and thereby to solve a problem or to improve the situation of a Mehjuda problem. Like a production process, it also adheres to a cycle where inputs (raw data) are inserted in a process (computer systems, software, etc.), to produce output.
Data Processing Basic Stages-
There are mainly three steps in the basic stages of data processing cycle.
- Input
In this step, input data is prepared in a convenient form for processing. This depends on the form processing machine. For example, when electronic computers are used, then input data is stored in one of the previous media such as magnetic disks, tapes, or something else.
Processing
In this step, the input data is changed into the production data which is a more useful form. For example, sales orders are seen to calculate the summary of sales in a company.
- Output
In this step, the result of the processing step before it is collected. A particular form of output data depends on how that data is used. For example, there may be pay-checks of any employees in the output data.
Let's now understand the Basic Stages of Data Processing in detail-
1. Input-
In this input process the data is collected and stored somewhere. Store means that it is collected anywhere that you want to store in computer or even in a paper. Understand the second process of input
a) Collection
Before input, we need to collect data. Data is collected from different sources, as all schools have to know how many schools are located in a city, the fact is collected. How many students have scored more than 50% marks in a class To know this information, there is also a need to collect the mark sheet for every student.
b) Verification
Now the next step is Verification, where it is confirmed that the data taken for input is correct or false. Like when the result is verified first before publishing PUBLISH. You also need to verify once before giving any report to anyone.
c) Coding
In this step, the data is coded, it means that it is converted into a machine form i.e. converting into a computer readable form. Which could easily process the computer input data further.
d) Storing
Now the data which is entered in the computer's excel or word. That data is stored in the computer. For this, no Storage Device is used. When the data is stored in the computer then the next step is sent for processing.
2. Processing-
This is the step where the process of formation of information begins. All the techniques given here below are used, such as Classification, Sorting, Calculation, Summarizing.
a) Classification
In this process, the data is classified into groups and subgroups. This will help to understand the data properly. If students classify the data in the college, then the class of class separates the data of the commerce class separately and will separate the data of the arts category, which is easy to analyze data.
b) Sorting
Here the data is arranged in a systematic order. Which will make it easier for us to access the data. Sorting Order Anything can be Ascending or Descending Depending on the user, he wants to sort the data accordingly. Like in the class roll number is placed in the alphabetical order. Marks Highest Mark From Lowest Mark
c) Calculation
Any arithmetic operation is performed on data given in the calculation process. As they can be anything from Operation these, sum, average, percent EX- How many students have average marks in a class, the ratio of male and female, all these come in calculation steps. Through this, we get a correct summarized information.
d) Summarising
After doing all the operations above the input data, a summarized report is produced. In any company, management is never given full information, only the shores are sent to it. That's because they do not have time for everything and it also saves time. Like doctors, after a lot of tests, they give a report that this person has this disease. Report card is also a summary of the exam result. Perhaps you have understood how the data is sent for processing and how it happens.
3. Output-
When all the steps of processing are completed, then the output result is obtained which can be called the information. The only purpose for processing step is to get a strict result and give it to the user. Most of the time, the Output information is stored in a storage device. Such as hard disk, pen drive, CD, DVD
Output (Activities to be Output Result)
a) Retrieval
In effect, the output result can be retrieved from Storage Media whenever you want. As a result of a student's 7 semester examination, whenever you want, you can see marks of semester from anyone. This process is called retrieval.
b) Conversion
Output result can be changed in different forms. You might have seen that after processing the data, the Output result that can be seen in any of these forms, like Output Information - Graph, Flowchart, chart, Table, Diagram, Report. India's Population GRAPH, Population growth chart, College Time table These are all examples of output results.
c) Communication
After processed the data, whatever output is released, it is an information. Which is very important to share, such as the news paper that is easily accessible to everyone. If you talk to the College Time table, which is printed on Peon Notice Board. This information is given by all the students, this is called Communication. The process of sharing the output result is called Communication. (Nowadays when Camera has arrived, sharing is done as soon as putting photos in the wahtsapp group like time table photo, result, notice
What are the Methods of Data Processing-
This data is not as good as the whole world can do until it is processed properly. Data processing is called process in which raw data is converted into usable information by using some methods. Yes, paper and pencil can be used for this work, but since we are in the 21st century and there is no shortage of data here, the amount of data is very high and in this case, we can use new innovation technologies like computer Can be used. Computer used to process data, they are first collected, check for accuracy, and even then they are entered into the computer. So let us know about some of the same data processing methods.
Batch Processing-
Batch processing is a large grunt work, it is the simplest form of data processing. This is more useful when any organization has large volume of data and they can be clump (in one place) in one or two categories. For example, in a store, with the help of batch-process, transactions can be categorized in one place. If no information is changed then the batch processing is very fast.
Real-Time Processing-
Some batch-processing is not too fast too. Real-time processing methods handle the data when they need instant turn-around time. For example, if a passenger buys an airline ticket and even if it is canceled, then the airline has to update its records instantly. The records from this process are instantly updated. Where batch processing has to process a lot of data in a specified time, then real-time processing is a continuous process.
Data Mining-
In data mining, data is taken from multiple sources and pools and combines them to find correlations. For example, a grocery chain has to analyze the customer's purchase and it is to find that the customers who buy grains, often buy bananas after that. Then the chain can increase the sales by using this information, so to increase sales, such joint purchases can prove to be good for their sales.
Statistical Processing-
Statistical processing involves heavy number-crunching. A company who knows that they are a bit more busy in one day of the week. This happens because many customers give their requests at the last moment, so such problems are often. Being aware of the reason, the company can deal with such a problem. With the help of statistics, data is easy to compare, whether they are different size companies or different cities.
What is the difference between data and information-
COMPARISON का BASIS
|
DATA
|
INFORMATIO
|
Meaning
|
Data raw facts होते हैं ये facts पूरी तरह से uncategorized होते हैं ऐसे facts का कुछ उद्देश्य ही नहीं होता है
|
ऐसे Facts जिन्हें की processing करने के बाद इस्तमाल में लाया जात है ऐसे processed data को information कहते हैं.
|
ये क्या है
|
ये केवल text और numbers होते हैं
|
ये refined dat होता है
|
किसके ऊपर Based होता है
|
Records और Observations
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Analysis
|
Form
|
Unorganized होते हैं
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Organized ह हैं
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Useful
|
ये कभी उपयोगी होता है तो कभी नहीं भी
|
हमेशा उपयोगी होता है
|
Specific
|
No
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Yes
|
Dependency
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ये information के ऊपर निर्भर नहीं होता है
|
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